美国一名联邦法官于11日(加州时间,下同)裁定,微软可以完成以750亿美元收购动视暴雪的交易。这给拜登政府旨在控制大型并购案的努力带来了重大挫折。英国竞争监管机构表示,已准备好讨论变革,以回应其对该交易的担忧。
美国竞争监管机构联邦贸易委员会(FTC)最初要求法官阻止该交易,认为这将使微软会将动视暴雪游戏(包括最畅销的《使命召唤》)独占到Xbox平台,并将任天堂(7974.T)和主机市场领导者索尼(6758.T)等竞争对手的游戏主机制造商排除在外。
经过五天的证词后,加州法官允许微软完成对动视暴雪的收购。 微软仍面临联邦贸易委员会正在进行的反垄断案件,但杰奎琳·斯科特·科利法官听取了联邦贸易委员会和微软的论点,并决定拒绝监管机构提出初步禁令的请求。
在11日提交的裁决中,科利法官表示:
微软对动视暴雪的收购被称为科技史上规模最大的收购。 它值得仔细审视。 这种审查已经得到了回复:微软已在公开场合和法庭上以书面形式承诺,十年内将在 PlayStation 上继续提供保持《使命召唤》游戏,不会独占Xbox。 它与任天堂达成协议,将《使命召唤》移植到 Switch 上。 它还签署了多项协议,首次将动视暴雪的内容加入多种云游戏服务。 本法院在本案中的责任范围较窄。 它将决定,尽管目前情况如此,合并是否应该停止——甚至可能终止——等待联邦贸易委员会行政行动的解决。 出于所解释的原因,法院认为联邦贸易委员会没有表明其主张该特定行业的特定垂直合并可能会大大减少竞争的可能性。 相反,记录证据表明有更多消费者可以游玩《使命召唤》和其他动视暴雪的游戏。 因此,初步禁令的动议被驳回。
这实际上使联邦贸易委员会失去了权力,并且意味着它不太可能完成案件。科利的决定也给拜登政府削减消费者成本带来了挫折。
动视暴雪股价当天飙升 10%,因为美国和英国这两个国家反对微软有史以来最大的交易,也是视频游戏行业历史上最大的交易。微软股价上涨 64 美分,至 332.47 美元。
在美国法官发布命令后不久,英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 表示,准备考虑微软提出的解决英国反垄断问题的提议,暗示双方可能会达成解决方案。
科利法官明确支持微软承诺将《使命召唤》保留在 PlayStation 上,甚至将游戏移植到任天堂 Switch 上。尽管联邦贸易委员会对微软的云游戏协议提出质疑,科利法官在做出决定时还是考虑了这些协议。法院的裁决甚至在理论上同意微软关于任天堂 Switch 属于主机市场的一部分,但也接受 FTC 可以合理地声称它不主机市场的一部分。科利法官也同意联邦贸易委员会的观点,即主机市场不包括电脑。
虽然最近审判中的大部分证词都集中在《使命召唤》上,但动视暴雪还制作了其他畅销游戏,如《魔兽世界》、《暗黑破坏神》和手机游戏《糖果粉碎传奇》。

在科利法官作出裁决后的一份声明中,微软总裁布拉德·史密斯表示,该公司“感谢旧金山法院做出的这一迅速而彻底的裁决,并希望其他国家的司法机构也采取行动,争取及时解决在收购中面临的问题。”
Xbox 负责人菲尔·斯宾塞(Phil Spencer)是审判的关键证人,他也在推特上发表了回应。 “我们感谢法院迅速作出对我们有利的决定。 证据表明动视暴雪的交易对整个行业有利,联邦贸易委员会关于游戏机切换、多游戏订阅服务和云的说法并不能反映游戏市场的现实,”斯宾塞说。
动视暴雪也对这一决定做出了反应。 动视暴雪首席执行官鲍比·科蒂克(Bobby Kotick)在一份声明中表示:“我们的合并将使消费者和员工受益。” “这将促进竞争,而不是让根深蒂固的市场领导者继续主导我们快速发展的行业。”
联邦贸易委员会发言人道格拉斯·法勒在一份声明中表示,联邦贸易委员会仍在计划下一步行动。 “鉴于此次合并对云游戏、订阅服务和游戏机的公开竞争构成明显威胁,我们对这一结果感到失望。 未来几天,我们将宣布下一步行动,继续努力维护竞争和保护消费者。”法勒说道。
据知情人士透露,FTC正在考虑对法院的判决提出上诉。
法官的裁决允许微软在截至 7 月 18 日完成与动视暴雪的交易,但前提是该公司愿意在英国各地完成交易,或者英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 愿意就某种形式的补救措施进行谈判。 英国监管机构于 4 月份采取行动阻止微软的收购提议。不过英国竞争与市场管理局 (CMA) 表示,准备考虑微软提出的解决英国反垄断问题的提议。
据普华永道估计,未来四年游戏市场销售额预计将增长 36%,达到 3210 亿美元。
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